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Experimental animal models and their application in new drug development
Add time:2022-04-08 09:47
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Animal models refer to animal disease models established for biomedical research with human disease mimicking performance, that is, animals that can replicate human diseases. They are a research tool for researchers to reproduce the occurrence, development and outcome of human diseases in the laboratory, and a bridge between basic research in the laboratory and clinical trials in hospitals.
There are many experimental animal model species and strains. According to statistics, the current global experimental animals have expanded to species with different evolutionary status, such as nematodes, fruit flies, toads, zebrafish, mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, pigs, and monkeys. . In common species such as large and mouse, more than 3,000 strains with different physiological characteristics have been cultivated. With the emergence and continuous development of gene modification technology, there have been more than 20,000 transgenic and gene knockout mouse strains, and genetically modified rabbits, pigs, dogs, monkeys, etc. have also appeared one after another. and other indispensable research resources.
As a special research vehicle, experimental animal models are extremely important experimental materials and supporting conditions in the fields of life sciences, especially biomedicine and biomedicine. Clinical trials have a long test period and are easily affected by many factors such as genetics and the environment. Therefore, using experimental animal models to simulate the metabolic state of the body and control interference factors has become the main method for researchers to explore the internal mechanism of disease occurrence and development and evaluate new drugs.
As a bridge between laboratory research and clinical research, experimental animals can clearly demonstrate how a drug candidate is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in living animals, and how it interacts with the target, and whether it will affect other than the target. organize.
Through pharmacodynamic research, it is possible to preliminarily determine whether the new drug is effective, the strength and scope of its pharmacodynamic effect; determine its advantages, disadvantages and characteristics with similar drugs in terms of toxic and side effects, so as to determine whether the drug has practical value and development prospects , whether it can be used in human trials and systematic clinical research.
The development of human diseases is very complex. Taking people as experimental objects to deeply explore the mechanism of disease, promoting the development of medicine is slow, and the accumulated clinical experience is not only limited in time and space. The application of experimental animal models avoids the possible risks of conducting experiments on humans and increases the feasibility of experimental research methodology.
With the continuous improvement of people's economic level, people's requirements for health are also getting higher and higher, and the people's demand for new drugs has also increased from whether there are medicinal uses to whether high-quality drugs are available. At the same time, the research and development of new drugs also focuses more on how to improve the quality of life of patients, providing them with drugs with good efficacy, less side effects, good tolerance and convenient taking, so that patients can receive treatment and live a better quality of life. The development and launch of new drugs requires a long process, and it takes a lot of manpower, time and capital. The establishment of experimental animal models provides great convenience for the development of new drugs.Pharmaceutical intermediates are some chemical raw materials or chemical products used in the pharmaceutical synthesis process. With the upgrading of the demand for new drugs, pharmaceutical intermediate enterprises also show a trend of rapid development.